誰幫我翻譯一下，謝謝

Shtigl夏沫灬丶 2008-10-25 07:34:06 441 瀏覽

···until TLC analysis indicated the absence of dipolarophile.

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19980223qs 2008-10-26 00:00:00

直到薄層色譜儀顯示出1，3-二(炔丙基氧)苯的缺失

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544900359h 2008-10-26 00:00:00

直到TLC薄層色譜分析指示出了親極偶分子的缺少

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誰幫我翻譯一下，謝謝: ···until TLC analysis indicated the absence of dipolarophile.

誰幫我翻譯一下: LabVIEWTM(LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench)isapowerfulinstrumentationandanalysisprogramminglanguageforPCsrunningMicrosoftWindows，SunSPARCstations，AppleMaci... LabVIEWTM (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a powerful instrumentation and analysis programming language for PCs running Microsoft Windows， Sun SPARCstations， Apple Macintosh computers， Concurrent PowerMax， and HP-UX workstations. LabVIEW departs from the sequential nature of traditional programming languages and features a graphical programming environment and all the tools needed for data acquisition， analysis， and presentation. With this graphical programming language， called “G，” you can program in a block diagram notation， the natural design notation of scientists and engineers. After you create a block diagram program， LabVIEW compiles it into machine code. LabVIEW integrates data acquisition， analysis， and presentation in one system. For acquiring data and controlling instruments， LabVIEW supports RS-232/422， IEEE 488 (GPIB)， and VXI， including Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) functions， as well as plug-in data acquisition (DAQ) boards. An instrument library with drivers for hundreds of instruments simplifies instrument control applications. For analyzing data， the extensive Analysis library contains functions for signal generation， signal processing， filters， windows， statistics， regression， linear algebra， and array arithmetic. Because LabVIEW is graphical in nature， it is inherently a data presentation package. LabVIEW can generate charts， graphs， and customized， user-defined graphics. 盡量翻的好一點(diǎn)，謝謝能不能對GOOGLE自動(dòng)翻譯過的稍加修改下展開

大哥大姐誰幫我翻譯一下: Since its advent in the early 1970s the logic analyser has become arguably the most important single piece of test equipment in the digital designer’s armoury. It is now a far more versatile instrument than its early predecessors， still ... Since its advent in the early 1970s the logic analyser has become arguably the most important single piece of test equipment in the digital designer’s armoury. It is now a far more versatile instrument than its early predecessors， still offering a complete solution to today’s ever more complex digital design and measurement challenges. As with most modern test equipment， the ongoing development of logic analysers has been fuelled by continual improvements in microprocessor technology， allowing cost-effective implementation of advanced measurement techniques. This continual development has been driven， to a great extent， by the need to be able to debug complex microprocessor-based or highspeed state machine designs. As the inclusion of microprocessor or VLSl components into circuit design becomes more and more routine， the instrument manufacturer must maintain the logic analyser as a user-friendly， relatively-low-cost solution to modern digital design and test problems. In addition， however， as these components increase in both complexity and performance， the instrument manufacturer must be able to support state-of-the-art measurement techniques， while still offering the digital design engineer the same depth of general-purpose circuit analysis.Clearly， as design complexity increases， an increasing volume of measurement data must be represented and manipulated in such a way that it can be quickly and easily interpreted by the engineer. The basic logic analyser provides a means of monitoring software execution， digital hardware operation and， more importantly to many， the interaction between the two. Being the only instrument that can comprehensively bridge this notional divide between hardware and software， the logic analyser is often given the role of arbitrator in the search for that elusive system bug. 展開

能幫我翻譯一下嗎？謝謝: 能不能幫我翻譯一下這幾句話啊？（1）HeterOgeneous Green Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Cyclooctene with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Host(Nanocavity of Y—zeolite)／Guest(N4一Cu(II) Schif Base Complex)Nanocomposite... 能不能幫我翻譯一下這幾句話??？（1）HeterOgeneous Green Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Cyclooctene with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Host(Nanocavity of Y—zeolite)／Guest(N4一Cu(II) Schif Base Complex)Nanocomposite Material （2）Department of Chemistry，F(xiàn)aculty of Science，Alzahra University Vanak，Tehran，P.O ．1993891176，Iran (3)Department of Chemistry，K．N Toosi University of Technology， Tehran P O．Box 16315-1618．Iran （4）Incorporation of copper(II)in NaY(metal exchanged Y-zeolite 謝謝啦！展開

誰幫我翻譯一下這個(gè)日文說明書1:

幫我翻譯一段話，謝謝: AretheurbansoilsofGuangzhoupolluted?Inareviewofheavymetalpollutionofsoilsinchina，chenetal.(1999)suggestedthat“Heavy-metalsoilpolltionisdefinedasthephenomenawheretheheavy... Are the urban soils of Guangzhou polluted? In a review of heavy metal pollution of soils in china，chen et al.(1999) suggested that“Heavy-metal soil polltion is defined as the phenomena where the heavy-metal content in soils exceeds natural background levels and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of environmental quality” Table 6 compares the Guangzhou date with some background date and also some critical and trigger limits derived from the Netherlands and U.K. It can be seen from Table 6 that all top soil heavy metals，with the exception of Ni in the Park，are above the average value for Guangdong province. They also，again with the exception on Ni in the park，exceed the values for samples from Hainan Island，which affords a“clean”baseline data sea for the region. what is also of interest is that if the rations of heavy metal content for roadside sites in Guangzhou are compared to the Hainan data in from of a ratio then ratios of 3.09，1.04，4.16，1.84 and 1.59 are obtained for Cu，Ni，Zi，Pb and Cu respectively. With the exception of the 4.16 for Zn they are not dissimilar to rations of roadside to park top soil reported previously for Guangzhou. This suggests that the roadside to park comparison for soils in Guangzhou may pick up enhancement of heavy metals associated with vehicular traffic. 展開

誰幫我翻譯德國廢油處理法？:

翻譯翻譯，請高手幫我翻譯一下這個(gè)說明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展開

幫忙翻譯一下，謝謝: IFRS13willhelpincreasetransparencywhenentitiesusemodelstomeasurefairvalue，particularlywhenusersneedmoreinformationaboutmeasurementuncertainty，suchaswhenthemarketforanasse... IFRS 13 will help increase transparency when entities use models to measure fair value， particularly when users need more information about measurement uncertainty， such as when the market for an asset or a liability has become less active. IFRS 13 requires entities to disclose information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value， as well as information about the uncertainty inherent in fair value measurements (which was of particular concern during the global fi nancial crisis). Some of those disclosures， including the fair value hierarchy， were already introduced in March 2009 through an amendment to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. Those disclosures have been relocated to IFRS 13. The requirements in IFRS 13 also incorporate the guidance in a FASB Staff Position (FSP) issued in April 2009. 展開

請高手幫我翻譯一下這一段。。。: Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展開

急?。?！誰能幫我翻譯一下？萬分感謝！: Definitions: APQP ASDE BOM EPR ESWP Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Supplier Development Engineer Bill of Material Early Program Review Early Sourcing Work Plan. A report including Commodity Classification (Metals，... Definitions: APQP ASDE BOM EPR ESWP Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Supplier Development Engineer Bill of Material Early Program Review Early Sourcing Work Plan. A report including Commodity Classification (Metals， Non- Metals， Electrical/electronics)， source-required dates， cost targets， and production tooling kick-off required dates for all purchased components. The document representing the European ESWP is On Track， the NA is PPTM. Procedure # VP-014 LRR On Track PPAP PPTM PSW RPC SDE SOP SPE VPDS vTPS Procedure: Launch Readiness Review European version of the Early Sourcing Work Plan (ESWP) Production Part Approval Process Purchased Parts Tracking Matrix (ESWP/PPTM): The North American version of the ESWP. The ESWP/PPTM is an Access Database maintained by NA Program Purchasing (vTPS) to capture all Forward Model Purchase Component information. Part Submission Warrant Regional Program Coordinator is a function within SPE in Europe and South America. Supplier Development Engineer Start Of Production (sometimes referred to as Job 1) Supplier Performance Engineer (combined ASD and SD Engineer) Visteon Product Development System ， PD/Program Management Gateway process used to manage the successful launch of new model programs. The North American data storage system which holds all PPTM/ESWP data. vTPS is an Access Database Responsibility: Process Map/Flowchart (1) Lead: RPC/SPE (EU & SA) (1) Lead – ASDE (NA & Asia) Conduct High Impact Assessment assign ASD / SP engineer on formal W/support from: Program sourcing and / or change of BOM. Buyer PD Engineer Program Manager – All Regions (2) Notes/Deliverables (1) Inputs: ? ESWP or local equivalent from VP-040 Project Supply Management Outputs: ? High Impact Assessment Form (VF-014a or local equivalent) Notes: ? Conduct High Impact Assessment and record results per local work instructions (2) Lead: RPC/SPE (EU & SA) Lead – ASDE (NA & Asia) W/support from: Program Buyer - All Regions， Buyer - All Regions (3) Lead: Program Buyer (NA & EU & Asia) Lead: RPC/SPE (SA) (4) No No (2) Is the part High Impact? (3) Can Supplier achieve PSW Timing? Yes Go to Step # 5. Yes Go to Step # 8. (3) Notes: ? Record PPAP status on local tracking system. (4) Hard Copies of This Document are Uncontrolled Page 2 of 4 (4) Acceptable risk to Yes 展開

請專家?guī)兔Ψg一下，謝謝！: 粒度檢測方法與優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)比較粉末粒度分布的測量方法經(jīng)過百余年的發(fā)展，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)至少已經(jīng)發(fā)展了上百種，但隨著科技的發(fā)展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改進(jìn)和發(fā)展（如激光散射法、動(dòng)態(tài)光散射等），并在生產(chǎn)、科研中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，現(xiàn)在普遍使用的測量... 粒度檢測方法與優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)比較粉末粒度分布的測量方法經(jīng)過百余年的發(fā)展，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)至少已經(jīng)發(fā)展了上百種，但隨著科技的發(fā)展，有些方法被逐步淘汰，有些方法得到了改進(jìn)和發(fā)展（如激光散射法、動(dòng)態(tài)光散射等），并在生產(chǎn)、科研中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，現(xiàn)在普遍使用的測量方法有篩分法、顯微圖像法、光透沉降法、激光散射（衍射）法等幾種，下面簡單介紹幾種常用的粒度測量方法。 ▲ 篩分法是一種具有很長歷史的粒度測定方法，篩分法粒度測量是利用一組篩孔大小不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩將粉末進(jìn)行篩分，然后對每個(gè)篩上樣品分別進(jìn)行稱重，進(jìn)而得到以質(zhì)量為量綱的粒度分布數(shù)據(jù)，并可由分布結(jié)果計(jì)算出如Dv50等其它參數(shù)。篩分滶要特點(diǎn)是測量成本低廉，操作簡單，但存在著如重復(fù)性差，測量時(shí)間較長，不能對5um以下的顆粒進(jìn)行測量等缺點(diǎn)。 ▲顯微圖像分析法利用光學(xué)或電子顯微鏡及計(jì)算機(jī)圖像識別技術(shù)對顆粒粒度及粒度分布，顆粒形貌進(jìn)行測量，分析的方法。這種方法不僅能夠測量粒度分布而且能夠直接觀察到顆粒的形狀，是目前唯yi的一種可目視的直觀測試方法，這種特點(diǎn)也是其它粒度測量儀器所不具備。這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是直觀、簡便、費(fèi)用低，缺點(diǎn)是由于取樣量很少，為使測量結(jié)果代表性，必須增加待測顆粒的個(gè)數(shù)（一般認(rèn)為測量顆粒的個(gè)數(shù)應(yīng)在1000個(gè)以上），這就相應(yīng)嗇了測量時(shí)間，及測試人員的工作強(qiáng)度，但由于能夠?qū)︻w粒形貌（如長徑比等）進(jìn)行測量，目前也有廣泛應(yīng)用。 ▲光透沉降法沉降法粒度測試的理論基礎(chǔ)是斯托克司定律和比爾定律。前者給出顆粒沉降速度與粒徑的關(guān)系，后者闡明光透過率與粒徑重量的關(guān)系。可簡單的描述為：在沉降液中，有若干相同比重的顆粒，如果同一時(shí)刻，從同一位置開始下降，則不同直徑的顆粒到達(dá)測量區(qū)的時(shí)間是不同的，根據(jù)顆粒到達(dá)測量區(qū)的時(shí)間，及光強(qiáng)的強(qiáng)弱，就可以計(jì)算出顆粒的粒徑，及相應(yīng)粒徑的顆粒在顆粒群中占有的比例。采用此種原理的測量儀器有比較長的使用歷史，但隨著科技的發(fā)展和測量手段的進(jìn)步，此方法的缺點(diǎn)也日益突出，如測量時(shí)間長，重復(fù)性誤差大等。 ▲ 激光散射法顆粒測量儀器是以富朗和菲衍射（Fraunhofer diffraction）和米氏散射（Mie scattering）為理論基礎(chǔ)。此理論可以簡單理解為沿直線傳播的平行激光束，在傳播過程中遇到顆粒的遮擋后，傳播方向發(fā)生了改變（即發(fā)生了衍射和散射現(xiàn)象），并且大顆粒使激光改變的角度小，小顆粒改變大。（實(shí)際上是由于顆粒的遮擋在無限遠(yuǎn)處形成了一個(gè)愛里斑，愛里斑87%的能量集中在ZX亮環(huán)，且顆粒直徑越大，ZX環(huán)越小，顆粒直徑越小ZX亮環(huán)越大）。如果能在不同角度上接收光能，對于相應(yīng)的的角度，其光能是對應(yīng)直徑的顆粒集合發(fā)生衍射（散射）造成的，相應(yīng)其他角度上光能的強(qiáng)弱也就反應(yīng)了對應(yīng)直徑顆粒在整個(gè)顆粒集合中占有的比例。 ▲ 采用激光粒度測量儀器相對于光透沉降粒度測量儀器具有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 1. 原理先進(jìn)，并且由于測試過程中沒有需要預(yù)先設(shè)定的參數(shù)（如樣品比重、介質(zhì)黏度、環(huán)境溫度等），及在測量過程中隨時(shí)改變的條件，因此測量結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確、可靠。 2. 測量速度快，測試時(shí)間與樣品粒度分布無關(guān)，典型測試過程一般小于一分鐘； 3. 每次測試，多次對樣品進(jìn)行掃描，測試結(jié)果重復(fù)性好； 4. 進(jìn)樣方式種類多，可適用于各種類樣品。展開

誰能幫我翻譯一下這段英文文獻(xiàn)啊: Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed b... Fig. 1 shows that diamond particles are dispersed in the copper matrix. Since the diamond particles are easy to be stripped off during mechanical polishing， small pits are left on the surface of samples. When the samples were analyzed by electron probe for carbon， the particles displayed high carbon peaks， as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 exhibits the analyzed result for extracted product of the copper–diamond composite by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is shown that three dif- fraction peaks exist， shown as A， B and C， respectively. The interplanar distances corresponding to the three peaks and standard ones for diamond are compared in Table 1. The measured values of the interplanar distances are in good agreement with the standard ones， demon- strating that the extracted product should be the carbon in diamond state. Fig. 4(a) gives a TEM micrograph showing distribution and morphology of diamond particles (indicated as A， B， and C) in the copper–diamond composite. The calibration of interplanar distance for diffraction rings in Fig. 4(b) was given in Table 2. Compared to Table 1， it is also demon- strated that the calibrated interplanar distances for the diffraction rings conform to the standard ones of diamond. Therefore， it is believed that the graphitization of diamond particles hardly occurs after sintering at 1150–1220 K in the copper–diamond composite. Although diamond is a metastable allotropic modifica- tion of carbon， the graphitization of diamond particles in the copper–diamond composite did not occur， or the degree of graphitization was too small to be found. It is believed that the beginning temperature of graphi- tization would be associated with the purity of diamond powders. The impurities such as some metallic elements reduce the beginning temperature of diamond graphitiza- tion. When diamond is fabricated by the static synthesis method， Fe and Ni are often used as catalysts and are present in diamond as impurities to decrease the beginning temperature of graphitization [6]. It is understandable that both for the graphitization and its reverse reactions， their activation energies can be decreased by catalytic agents. Compared with the diamond fabricated by static synthesis， the diamond powders prepared by explosion method do not contain metallic impurities， thus leading to an obvious increase in the beginning temperature of graphitization. Hence， the detonation synthetic diamond might be more resistant to graphitization and probably suitable for the electric contact materials. 展開

哪位高手能幫我翻譯一下謝謝了: 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be perform... 3.3. Microbial mapping The intensity of resonance Raman spectra of Cyt c allows for integration times below one second. Microbial mapping of an area of 50×50 μm2 with a resolution of 500 nm/pixel (10，000 single spectra) can be performed in less than 3 h. A further reduction of the measuring duration by a factor of 10 can be achieved by utilisation of an EMCCD camera (Coates et al.， 2004). Microbial mapping was done on granules from two different sequencing batch reactors (SBR) (Gaul et al.， 2006). The SBRs are used to analyse control parameters for the anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Fig. 7 shows two different microbial colonies in the same granulum. A graphical analysis of the spectroscopic data at 750 cm-1 (dominant resonant Raman band of Cyt c) and 2900 cm-1 (CH stretching mode) differentiated the two colonies. One colony shows stronger Raman signals at 750 cm-1 (blue frame). Whereas the other microorganisms have more amount of methyl or methylene groups (yellow frame). After the graphical analysis above， an average spectrum was constructed for each colony. The resulting averaged spectra were transferred to our Raman database of wastewater bacteria created by OPUS. The software recognized the microorganisms Fig. 5. Time series of N. eutropha Nm 57 which is captured by optical tweezers. Time difference between spectra: 1 s; Laser power: 9 mW. The bleaching effect due to photo-dissociation caused by laser radiation is easy to see. Fig. 6. The spectral heterogeneity of hierarchical clusteringis strongly dependent to the integration time. Bacteria from the same strain are only groupedtogether if the exposure time was the same. 246 R. P?tzold et al. / Journal of Microbiological Methods 72 (2008) 241–248 in the left colony as anammox bacteria， those in the upper right corner as Nitrosomonas. 展開

請幫我翻譯一下這多科技文，關(guān)于伽馬射線輻射半導(dǎo)體激光器的！謝謝: The linear dimensions of the far-field beam patterns shrank in size by the end of radiation by 3%-20% for the IR lasers and 15%-20% for the visible. The ellipticity of the beams changed by -16% for the IR and +8% for the visible case. The i... The linear dimensions of the far-field beam patterns shrank in size by the end of radiation by 3%-20% for the IR lasers and 15%-20% for the visible. The ellipticity of the beams changed by -16% for the IR and +8% for the visible case. The intensity， as measured with an external camera， decreased during irradiation by a maximum of 2.7 dB for the visible laser and 2.5 dB for the infrared; however， the photodiode photocurrents changed by less than 1 dB. Both types of lasers recovered completely over several days. The near- and far-field patterns were examined both below and above threshold before and after radiatiodrecovery， with no evidence of defects or other gross changes.請不要用軟件直接翻譯??！展開

水質(zhì)報(bào)告出來了，看不懂，誰幫我分析一下: 農(nóng)村院子里打了水井，水不苦，但放一會(huì)變黃。做了水質(zhì)分析，但看不懂，求助這水能飲用和澆地嗎？哪些指標(biāo)超標(biāo)了，需要注意什么？... 農(nóng)村院子里打了水井，水不苦，但放一會(huì)變黃。做了水質(zhì)分析，但看不懂，求助這水能飲用和澆地嗎？哪些指標(biāo)超標(biāo)了，需要注意什么？展開

請翻譯一下這段英文1，謝謝: Materials For the present study， the matrix was ABS supplied by Formosa Co. The reinforcements were polyacrylonitrile based high strength CFs. The properties of materials used were given in Table 1. Carbon fibre surface treatment Carbon fi... Materials For the present study， the matrix was ABS supplied by Formosa Co. The reinforcements were polyacrylonitrile based high strength CFs. The properties of materials used were given in Table 1. Carbon fibre surface treatment Carbon fibres were oxidised by boiling in HNO3 under reflux for 5 h (T5120uC). Afterwards， the nitric acid oxidised fibres were washed with distilled water to neutral pH. Fibre surface composition The fibres were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA 300， Scienta， Sweden) to determine the level of functionalisation of the modified fibres. An initial survey scan was performed to determine the detectable elements， followed by high resolution scans. The entire X-ray photoelectron spectrum was energy referenced to the C1s peak of graphite (bending energy5284?5 eV). Composite preparation Before processing， ABS pellets and CFs were dried in a vacuum oven for 4 h at 80uC. Composites containing 0， 5， 10， 15， 20， 25 and 30 wt-% SCF were prepared by melt mixing in a co-rotating twin screw extruder (Thermoprism TSE 16 TC， L/D:24). The ABS pellets and CFs were fed from the main and side feeders respectively. The molten composite obtained from the die of the extruder was water cooled and pelletised. The extrusion conditions were arranged， as shown in Table 2. The viscosity of the melt containing CFs depends on the viscosity of the polymer matrix as well as the processing temperature. To avoid unfavourable shearing conditions， the melt temperature is kept as high as possible regarding thermal degradation. Before PA6 was blended to promote interfacial adhesion， vacuum drying of the ABS and PA6 pellets was carried out at 80uC for 4 and 12 h respectively. The 0， 10， 20 and 30 wt-% PA6 containing batches were fed through the main feeder to the twin screw extruder. The extrudate was water cooled and chopped into small pellets. The produced ABS/PA6 pellets were vacuum dried again at 80uC for 12 h. To prepare the SCF reinforced ABS/PA6 composites， the blend was introduced into the twin screw extruder from the main feeder， and SCFs were fed from the side feeder. The twin screw extruder was operated at the same processing conditions used during the blend preparation. The extrudate was again water cooled and chopped into small pellets. The extrusion grades of resin were used to make the extrudate form fully. The specimens for the mechanical characterisation experiments were moulded using a laboratory scale injection moulding machine (microinjector， model 1998; Daca Instruments) at a barrel temperature of 230uC and mould temperature of 80uC. The injection moulding machine used in this study was a laboratory type microinjector. The principle of the operation is that the preweighed (，2?5 g) raw material is loaded into the cylindrical barrel and allowed to melt at a preset barrel temperature for 1 min.Then the molten plastic is pushed through an injection tip by a piston. 展開

請教英語高人，幫忙翻譯一下．急用，謝謝！??！: Theelementalcontentofrawmaterials，phosphogypsum，substrate(potassiumsalt)，products(superphosphateand“Amofoska”)，soil，andgrasswasdeterminedusingconventionalandepithermaln... The elemental content of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate (potassium salt)， products (superphosphate and “Amofoska”)， soil， and grass was determined using conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the IBR-2 pulsed fast reactor at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP)， Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)， Dubna， Russia. The analytical procedure was described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. Quality control was based on the application of certified reference materials (CRMs): IAEA-336 (lichens)， IAEA-SDM (lake sediment) and IAEA-SL1 (soil). The certified values and the results obtained by NAA were compared (Table 2). Concentrations of most elements were in good agreement with the CRMs except for Ti， Ni， Ce， Eu， Dy and Rb， which differed from the certified value as follows: Ti - 41.7 %， Ni - 26.5 %， Ce - 24.3 %， Eu - 32.9 % and Dy - 33.3 % in IAEA-SL1 (soil) and Rb - 20.6 % in IAEA-336 (lichens). For the 21 elements in agreement with the certified values the bias observed was below 20 %. For 11 elements (Al， V， Mn， As， Br， Sc， Cr， Sm， Na， Co and Sb)， the bias ranged from 0.03 % to 5 %， for 5 elements (Fe， Zn， Ba， Th and Cs) the bias was greater than 5 % but lower than 10 %， and for 5 elements (La， Tb， Hf， Ta and U) the bias was determined to be between 10 % and 20 %. Samples of raw materials， phosphogypsum， substrate， products， soil (of about 0.1 g)， and grass (0.3 g) were irradiated in cadmium-screened channels 1 and 2 of the pneumatic “Regata” system described elsewhere by Frontasyeva and Pavlov [15]. In order to determine elements associated with long-lived radionuclides， samples were irradiated for 100 hours. Spectra of induced gamma activity were recorded after 4 and 20-24 days of cooling. Short irradiations， 5 minutes for grass samples and 60 seconds for the remaining samples， allowed determination of Al， Ca， Cl， I， K， Na， Mg， Mn， Ti and V. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded after 5 and 12 minutes after irradiation. Data processing was performed using software developed at FLNP JINR [16， 17]. All gamma-spectrometers and counting electronics were made at JINR [16]. The software developed at FLNP JINR for peak searching， peak fitting， and nuclide identification routines were used for processing the amplitude spectra [16]. In the case of the lack of analytical data， there was a half of the detection limit inserted for each analyte [18]. Principal component analysis (classical PCA and fuzzy PCA) was performed as a tool for searching the possible correlations between environmental and industrial samples that could implicate the impact of phosphatic fertilizer production on the environment adjacent to the plant. 請給一個(gè)比較能看懂的翻譯，謝謝. 展開

各位大蝦幫我簡單翻譯一下謝謝！只要簡單復(fù)雜了就不是我的水平了?。?: 摘要: 目的生物制品原輔材料踢的生物負(fù)載量是藥品生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中所污染的微生物來源之一，本論文對生物制品中經(jīng)常用到的磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸二氫鈉、聚乙二醇4000、蛋白胨、酵母粉、聚山梨酯80、醋酸鈉7 種原輔材料進(jìn)行生物負(fù)載量研究。方法采用薄膜過濾法 (尺寸50... 摘要: 目的生物制品原輔材料踢的生物負(fù)載量是藥品生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中所污染的微生物來源之一，本論文對生物制品中經(jīng)常用到的磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸二氫鈉、聚乙二醇4000、蛋白胨、酵母粉、聚山梨酯80、醋酸鈉7 種原輔材料進(jìn)行生物負(fù)載量研究。方法采用薄膜過濾法 (尺寸50mm，孔徑 0145∧m)進(jìn)行集菌過濾，分別用玫瑰紅鈉瓊脂培養(yǎng)基，馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂培養(yǎng)基，胰酪大豆瓊脂培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)，統(tǒng)計(jì)出樣品中所含霉菌、酵母菌、需氧菌的數(shù)量。結(jié)果聚山梨酯80、聚乙二醇4000 中未檢出微生物，負(fù)載量極低; 蛋白胨、酵母粉中檢出的微生物含量超過5000 個(gè)g，生物負(fù)載量很高; 無機(jī)鹽類的醋酸鈉、磷酸二氫鈉、磷酸氫二鈉的負(fù)載量比較低，但是存在污染的方險(xiǎn)。結(jié)論在原輔材料的使用過程中，應(yīng)注意它們所帶微生物對生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的污染，尤其是蛋白胨、酵母粉等高含菌量原料的污染關(guān)鍵詞: 生物負(fù)載量; 原輔材料; 薄膜過濾法展開

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