Optical micromanipulation has engendered some major studies across all of the natural sciences at the mesoscopic scale. Though over forty years old, the field is finding new applications and has lost none of its dynamic or innovative character: a trapped object presents a system that enables a calibrated minuscule force (piconewtons or less) to be exerted at will, enab領(lǐng) precision displacements right down to the ångström level to be observed. The study of the motion of single biological molecular motors has been revolutionised and new studies in the physical sciences have been realised. 光學(xué)鑷子系統(tǒng)