The state of surface of an electrode can be very important depending on the experiment carried out. It 首ld always be as neat as possible to avoid parasite reactions. It 首ld also be, according to the electrode°Osgeometry, as smooth as possible. For example, in the case of a planar electrode, the surface 首ld be as plane as possible on a microscopic scale. In the proper conditions, characteristic values can be determined such as the number of adsorption sites per surface unit for a given material. The aim of this tutorial is to show to the user how to determine the active surface of an electrode from a voltammetric curve giving I vs. E . VMP3多通道電化學(xué)工作站-16通道